Management of a complete mole and coexisting fetus in post-dobbs world.

BACKGROUND: Twin pregnancies consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexistent fetus (CMCF) are rare and associated with a high rate of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Management of these pregnancies remains controversial and increasingly challenging following the Dobbs versus Jackson Women's Health decision given the viability of the coexisting twin fetus. CASE: This case looks at the diagnosis, management, and maternal-fetal outcomes of a viable fetus coexisting molar pregnancy at a large academic center in an abortion-restricted state. CONCLUSION: CMCF pregnancies are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality and are increasingly difficult to manage following the Dobbs decision. Testing platforms, which identify genetic abnormalities in the first trimester, are increasingly important as access to abortion care in the United States is restricted.

Postpartum Outcomes in Patients Receiving Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis during Antepartum Admission.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated if venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in the inpatient antepartum period was associated with wound hematomas, VTE occurrence, and other adverse outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients who delivered at University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Patients receiving outpatient anticoagulation (AC) were excluded. We grouped patients into those who received inpatient antepartum prophylactic AC and those who did not. The primary outcome was wound hematomas from delivery to 6 weeks postpartum (PP). Secondary outcomes included VTE occurrence and select adverse outcomes, including other wound complications, unplanned procedures, mode of anesthesia, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Analyses were performed with no AC group as the reference. A sensitivity analysis excluding those who received inpatient PP AC was performed. RESULTS: Of 1,035 included patients, only 169 patients received inpatient prophylactic AC. They were older, had higher body mass indices, and more comorbidities. Patients receiving inpatient antepartum AC had higher wound hematomas (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 23.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.04-80.47). They had similar risk for developing VTE as the control group (aOR 2.68; 95% CI 0.19-37.49) but were more likely to have wound complications (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.24-4.47), maternal deaths (p < 0.05), and require PP ICU admission (aOR 13.38; 95% CI 4.79-37.35). When excluding those receiving any PP AC, there was no difference in bleeding complications between the two groups and VTE rates remained unchanged. Rates of maternal deaths and PP ICU admissions remained higher in those who received inpatient antepartum AC prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: In this small cohort study, increased wound hematomas were found in those who received inpatient antepartum AC prophylaxis with no difference in VTE occurrence. While adverse events were increased in the inpatient AC group, this was mostly associated with PP AC prophylaxis. Larger studies should be conducted to describe the true benefits and risks of antepartum AC prophylaxis and determine efficacy of this widely used practice. KEY POINTS: · Peripartum chemoprophylaxis is associated with increased wound hematomas.. · VTE is rare, despite its association with significant peripartum morbidity/mortality.. · Large studies are needed to guide practices that optimize the risk/benefit ratio of chemoprophylaxis..

Clinical implications of crown-rump length discordance at 11 to 14 weeks in dichorionic twins.

BACKGROUND: Crown-rump length discordance, defined as ≥10% discordance, has been investigated as an early sonographic marker of subsequent growth abnormalities and is associated with an increased risk of fetal loss in twin pregnancies. Previous studies have not investigated the prevalence of fetal aneuploidy or structural anomalies in twins with discordance or the independent association of crown-rump length discordance with adverse perinatal outcomes. Moreover, data are limited on cell-free DNA screening for aneuploidy in dichorionic twins with discordance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether crown-rump length discordance in dichorionic twins between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation is associated with a higher risk of aneuploidy, structural anomalies, or adverse perinatal outcomes and to assess the performance of cell-free DNA screening in dichorionic twin pregnancies with crown-rump length discordance. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort study that evaluated the performance of cell-free DNA screening for the common trisomies in twin pregnancies from December 2011 to February 2020. For this secondary analysis, we included live dichorionic pregnancies with crown-rump length measurements between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. First, we compared twin pregnancies with discordant crown-rump lengths with twin pregnancies with concordant crown-rump lengths and analyzed the prevalence of aneuploidy and fetal structural anomalies in either twin. Second, we compared the prevalence of a composite adverse perinatal outcome, which included preterm birth at <34 weeks of gestation, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, stillbirth or miscarriage, small-for-gestational-age birthweight, and birthweight discordance. Moreover, we assessed the performance of cell-free DNA screening in pregnancies with and without crown-rump length discordance. Outcomes were compared with multivariable regression to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Of 987 dichorionic twins, 142 (14%) had crown-rump length discordance. The prevalence of aneuploidy was higher in twins with crown-rump length discordance than in twins with concordance (9.9% vs 3.9%, respectively; adjusted relative risk, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.9). Similarly, structural anomalies (adjusted relative risk, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.4]) and composite adverse perinatal outcomes (adjusted relative risk, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.3) were significantly higher in twins with discordance. A stratified analysis demonstrated that even without other ultrasound markers, there were increased risks of aneuploidy (adjusted relative risk, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-8.4) and structural anomalies (adjusted relative risk, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.8) in twins with CRL discordance. Cell-free DNA screening had high negative predictive values for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13, regardless of crown-rump length discordance, with 1 false-negative for trisomy 21 in a twin pregnancy with discordance. CONCLUSION: Crown-rump length discordance in dichorionic twins is associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, structural anomalies, and adverse perinatal outcomes, even without other sonographic abnormalities. Cell-free DNA screening demonstrated high sensitivity and negative predictive values irrespective of crown-rump length discordance; however, 1 false-negative result illustrated that there is a role for diagnostic testing. These data may prove useful in identifying twin pregnancies that may benefit from increased screening and surveillance and are not ascertained by other early sonographic markers.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes at Periviable Gestation throughout Delivery Admission.

OBJECTIVE: The threshold of viability, as well as cutoffs for delivery interventions and neonatal resuscitation, vary by hospital and involve complex counseling. With improvements in neonatal resuscitation and intensive care, the threshold of viability has been decreasing. Decisions regarding delivery planning and neonatal resuscitation efforts should be based on the best available evidence. Our objective was to characterize survival rates and neonatal outcomes following periviable birth at different milestones beginning with prenatal admission through 1 year of life in a contemporary cohort. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all inborn infants without major congenital anomalies who delivered at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from 2013 to 2019 at gestational ages 22+0/7 to 25+6/7. Our primary outcome was to compared survival milestones throughout the pre- and postdelivery periods and neonatal complications in surviving newborns through 1 year of life at each gestational age. RESULTS: The survival rate to 1 year of life was 49% (48-56%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the entire cohort and varied according to gestational age at delivery (22 weeks 15% [10-23%, 95% CI], 23 weeks 48% [43-58%, 95% CI], 24 weeks 57% [52-67%, 95% CI], 25 weeks 71% [67-82%, 95% CI]). Overall for the entire cohort, the rate of lung disease requiring respiratory support at discharge was 51%, intraventricular hemorrhage was 42%, retinopathy of prematurity was 74%, pulmonary hypertension was 30%, and concerns for cerebral palsy at 1 year of life was 25%. All outcomes improved with advancing gestational age at delivery. Of infants who delivered during the 22nd week of gestation, 50% received antenatal corticosteroids. Infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids had more interventions, less pulmonary hypertension, and improved survival to 1 year of life. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of maternal complications, longitudinal survival rates, and neonatal outcomes of periviable deliveries according to gestational age throughout the admission enhances obstetric and perinatal counseling after hospital admission. KEY POINTS: · Periviable birth outcomes at different delivery milestones is important for counseling.. · Providing contemporary outcomes for periviable deliveries is critical for accurate counseling.. · Administration of antenatal corticosteroids at 22 weeks' gestation appears beneficial overall..

Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy or Post Partum.

Importance: Existing reports of pregnant patients with COVID-19 disease who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited, with variable outcomes noted for the maternal-fetal dyad. Objective: To examine maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with ECMO used for COVID-19 with respiratory failure during pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective multicenter cohort study examined pregnant and postpartum patients who required ECMO for COVID-19 respiratory failure at 25 hospitals across the US. Eligible patients included individuals who received care at one of the study sites, were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks post partum by positive nucleic acid or antigen test, and for whom ECMO was initiated for respiratory failure from March 1, 2020, to October 1, 2022. Exposures: ECMO in the setting of COVID-19 respiratory failure. Main outcome and measures: The primary outcome was maternal mortality. Secondary outcomes included serious maternal morbidity, obstetrical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes. Outcomes were compared by timing of infection during pregnancy or post partum, timing of ECMO initiation during pregnancy or post partum, and periods of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Results: From March 1, 2020, to October 1, 2022, 100 pregnant or postpartum individuals were started on ECMO (29 [29.0%] Hispanic, 25 [25.0%] non-Hispanic Black, 34 [34.0%] non-Hispanic White; mean [SD] age: 31.1 [5.5] years), including 47 (47.0%) during pregnancy, 21 (21.0%) within 24 hours post partum, and 32 (32.0%) between 24 hours and 6 weeks post partum; 79 (79.0%) had obesity, 61 (61.0%) had public or no insurance, and 67 (67.0%) did not have an immunocompromising condition. The median (IQR) ECMO run was 20 (9-49) days. There were 16 maternal deaths (16.0%; 95% CI, 8.2%-23.8%) in the study cohort, and 76 patients (76.0%; 95% CI, 58.9%-93.1%) had 1 or more serious maternal morbidity events. The largest serious maternal morbidity was venous thromboembolism and occurred in 39 patients (39.0%), which was similar across ECMO timing (40.4% pregnant [19 of 47] vs 38.1% [8 of 21] immediately postpartum vs 37.5% postpartum [12 of 32]; P > .99). Conclusions and Relevance: In this multicenter US cohort study of pregnant and postpartum patients who required ECMO for COVID-19-associated respiratory failure, most survived but experienced a high frequency of serious maternal morbidity.

Cell-free DNA screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy: a large multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of cell-free DNA from maternal blood provides effective screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies. Data on cell-free DNA screening in twin gestations are promising although limited. In previous twin studies, cell-free DNA screening was primarily performed in the second trimester and many studies did not report chorionicity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the screening performance of cell-free DNA for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in a large, diverse cohort. A secondary aim was to evaluate screening performance for trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies from 17 centers for which cell-free DNA screening was performed from December 2011 to February 2020 by one laboratory using massively parallel sequencing technology. Medical record review was conducted for all newborns and data on the birth outcome, the presence of any congenital abnormalities, phenotypic appearance at birth, and any chromosomal testing that was undertaken in the antenatal or postnatal period were extracted. Cases with a possible fetal chromosomal abnormality with no genetic test results were reviewed by a committee of maternal-fetal medicine geneticists. Cases with a vanishing twin and inadequate follow-up information were excluded. A minimum of 35 confirmed cases of trisomy 21 was required to capture a sensitivity of at least 90% with a prevalence of at least 1.9% with 80% power. Test characteristics were calculated for each outcome. RESULTS: A total of 1764 samples were sent for twin cell-free DNA screening. Of those, 78 cases with a vanishing twin and 239 cases with inadequate follow-up were excluded, leaving a total of 1447 cases for inclusion in the analysis. The median maternal age was 35 years and the median gestational age at cell-free DNA testing was 12.3 weeks. In total, 81% of the twins were dichorionic. The median fetal fraction was 12.4%. Trisomy 21 was detected in 41 of 42 pregnancies, yielding a detection rate of 97.6% (95% confidence interval, 83.8-99.7). There was 1 false negative and no false positive cases. Trisomy 21 was detected in 38 out of 39 dichorionic twin pregnancies, yielding a detection rate of 97.4% (95% confidence interval, 82.6-99.7). Trisomy 18 was detected in 10 of the 10 affected pregnancies. There was 1 false positive case. Trisomy 13 was detected in 4 of the 5 cases, yielding a detection rate of 80% (95% confidence interval, 11.1-99.2). There was one false negative and no false positive cases. The nonreportable rate was low at 3.9 %. CONCLUSION: Cell-free DNA testing is effective in screening for trisomy 21 in twin gestations from the first trimester of pregnancy. Detection of trisomy 21 was high in dichorionic and monochorionic twins, and the nonreportable result rates were low. This study included high numbers of cases of trisomy 18 and 13 when compared with the current literature. Although screening for these conditions in twins seems to be promising, the numbers were too small to make definitive conclusions regarding the screening efficacy for these conditions. It is possible that cell-free DNA testing performance may differ among laboratories and vary with screening methodologies.

A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Ambient Operating Room Temperature on Neonatal Morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: Newborn hypothermia has been implicated in neonatal morbidity without randomized evidence that it compromises the infant. Our objective was to determine if a difference in operating room temperature at cesarean birth impacts neonatal morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: Women undergoing cesarean delivery of a liveborn infant without major malformations were included. The institutional preexisting operating room temperature of 20°C (67°F) was compared with an experimental group of 24°C (75°F) by cluster randomization assigned on a weekly basis. Newborn hypothermia was defined as axillary temperature on arrival to the nursery of less than 36.5°C (<97.7°F). The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity including respiratory support, sepsis, hypoglycemia, and neonatal death. RESULTS: Between November 2016 and May 2018, 5,221 women had cesarean deliveries at Parkland Hospital with 2,817 randomized to the standard care group and 2,404 to the experimental group. The rate of neonatal composite morbidity did not differ between the groups: standard care 398 (14%) versus experimental 378 (16%), p = 0.11. This was despite a significant decrease in the rate of neonatal hypothermia: standard care 1,195 (43%) versus experimental 414 (18%), p < 0.001. There was no difference in the composite outcome for preterm infants (<37 wk) between the groups: standard care 194 (49%) versus experimental 185 (54%), p = 0.25. CONCLUSION: An 8°F increase in operating room temperature was significantly associated with a reduced rate of neonatal hypothermia, although this decrease was not associated with a significant improvement in neonatal morbidity. However, the increase in operating room temperature was met with resistance from obstetricians and operating room personnel. This trial is registered (registration no.: NCT03008577).

Outpatient Foley Catheter for Induction of Labor in Obese Nulliparous Patients: A Secondary Analysis of OFFSITE II Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: In the OFFSITE II randomized controlled trial, outpatient cervical ripening with a Foley catheter (CF) in nulliparous patients undergoing elective induction of labor (eIOL) shortened the time from admission to delivery. Given that patients with obesity have protracted labor and higher rates of failed IOL, we sought to determine if outpatient ripening with a CF may be even more beneficial for this high-risk group. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of the OFFSITE II randomized controlled trial. For this analysis, all patients from the primary trial were classified by their intervention assignment (inpatient vs. outpatient) and also by their admission body mass index (BMI) class (BMI ≥ 30 and BMI < 30 kg/m2). The primary outcome was time from labor and delivery (L&D) admission to delivery. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, time from admission to hospital discharge, and rates of clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and endometritis. RESULTS: In patients with BMI ≥ 30, the primary outcome, time from admission to delivery, (18.0 [13.5-20.9] vs. 20.4 [16.6-31.3] hours, p = 0.01), as well as total hospitalization length (3.2 [2.5-3.3] vs. 3.4 [3.1-4.3] days, p = 0.02) were shorter in the outpatient group. There were no differences in rates of chorioamnionitis or endometritis in outpatient compared with inpatient CF. Furthermore, in those with a BMI ≥ 30, the cesarean rate was significantly lower with outpatient CF (19.4% vs. 44.7%, p = 0.03); it was not statistically different in patients with BMI < 30. CONCLUSION: In this exploratory retrospective secondary analysis of the OFFSITE II randomized control trial, we found that in patients with BMI ≥ 30 undergoing eIOL, outpatient CF was associated with a lower time from L&D admission until delivery. This was also associated with a shorter time of total hospital duration and decreased the rate of cesarean, a benefit not detected in the overall analysis presented in the primary study. In nulliparas undergoing induction of labor, ripening with outpatient cervical Foley may even more significantly reduce labor duration, total hospital duration, and the rate of cesarean in patients with obesity. KEY POINTS: · Outpatient CF was associated with a lower time from L&D admission until delivery in obese nulliparas.. · Outpatient CF was associated with a shorter time of total hospital duration in obese nulliparas.. · Outpatient CF was associated with a decreased rate of cesarean birth in obese nulliparas..

Prenatal genetic testing 2: diagnostic tests.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prenatal genetic testing can be divided into two categories: screening and diagnosis. Prenatal genetic screening tests are used to assess carrier status or as a fetal risk assessment for a particular genetic disorder [1]. Prenatal genetic diagnostic testing is used to diagnose particular genetic conditions with as much certainty as possible [1,2]. This review will focus on the diagnostic side of prenatal genetic testing. RECENT FINDINGS: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized prenatal genetic diagnostic testing. NGS methods are becoming more advanced and accurate as more genetic information is being linked to genetic conditions. SUMMARY: Prenatal genetic diagnostic testing involves clinicians invasively obtaining tissue via amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling to identify if a fetus has a genetic condition. This testing has traditionally been done through fluorescence in-situ hybridization, karyotype, or chromosomal microarray analysis. However, genetic testing is in a time of rapid technologic expansion and new methods like NGS, which includes targeted gene panels, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing are being used too. In this time of growth, it is important that providers educate themselves on the research support and indication behind each type of genetic diagnostic test.

Prenatal genetic testing 1: screening tests.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prenatal genetic testing can be divided into two categories: screening and diagnostic. This article will focus on reviewing prenatal genetic screening tests. RECENT FINDINGS: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a new prenatal genetic screening test with a high degree of accuracy for identifying certain genetic conditions like trisomy 21, 18, and 13. However, cfDNA has also been applied in the screening of other genetic conditions without similar research support. SUMMARY: Prenatal genetic screening evaluates at risk pregnancies - including both carrier screening, which can be done at any point in a person's life, and aneuploidy screening, which is done during pregnancy. Within screening, there is a new noninvasive technology that has revolutionized prenatal screening called cfDNA testing. Compared to previous methods, this technology is easier to administer and more accurate for certain genetic conditions. However, cfDNA has also been applied to test for less common genetic conditions without efficacious research support. In this time of expansion in genetic testing, it is important that providers educate themselves on the research support behind each type of genetic test. It is vital that professional organizations continuously update their testing approach to match these rapidly evolving technologies and the patient population they serve.

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated With the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection.

Two years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have now seen three main variant waves. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant patients with COVID-19 at our institution from March 22, 2020, to February 26, 2022, to evaluate disease severity and perinatal outcomes among the variants. Patients were categorized as pre-Delta (March 22, 2020-May 31, 2021), Delta (July 1, 2021-December 15, 2021), or Omicron (December 16, 2021- February 26, 2022) based on variant tracking from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and genotype sequencing at our institution. There were fewer cases of severe-critical disease (1.8% Omicron vs 13.3% pre-Delta and 24.1% Delta) and adverse perinatal outcomes during the Omicron wave compared with the pre-Delta and Delta waves.

Comparing acute fatty liver of pregnancy from hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome are both associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Because of the overlap of several clinical and laboratory findings differentiation can sometimes be difficult. Both disorders have been of interest for more than 100 years, however they were not completely characterized until the early 1980s. It was not until the 1980s that AFLP and HELLP syndrome, and more specifically their clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings, were further differentiated in the literature. More recently, the pathophysiologic mechanisms have been elucidated. In this review, we outline the similarities and differences in the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and clinical recovery for women diagnosed with these two syndromes. From our observations, we suggest that levels of fibrinogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and total bilirubin be used to assist with differentiating AFLP from HELLP syndrome upon admission in women presenting with either suspected disease. The rationale for identifying the specific conditions is that clinical consequences for recovery vary considerably. Specifically, AFLP is associated with significantly more hepatic and renal dysfunction as well as coagulopathy. Fortunately, both conditions can be managed with supportive measures with overall improved perinatal outcomes including morbidity and mortality.

Placental Pathology in Maternal Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency.

INTRODUCTION: Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder, inherited in an X-linked manner. Males are severely affected. Female phenotypes vary from asymptomatic to severe, and symptoms may be triggered by high metabolic states like childbirth. Literature on OTC deficiency in pregnancy and placental pathology is limited. METHODS: Pathology records were searched at a single referral center from 2000-2020 and identified three placental cases from two mothers heterozygous for OTC deficiency. Placental pathology and maternal and neonatal history were reviewed in detail. RESULTS: The placenta from one symptomatic mother carrying an affected male fetus showed widespread high-grade fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) lesions of varying age. These lesions were not seen in the two placentas from the asymptomatic mother. DISCUSSION: In cases of symptomatic maternal OTC deficiency, our findings highlight the need for placental examination. Since thrombotic events in the placenta have the potential to associate with fetal and neonatal endothelial damage, a high index of suspicion for neonatal thrombosis may be warranted.

How personality affects teamwork: a study in multidisciplinary obstetrical simulation.

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary simulation has been shown to improve teamwork in the obstetrical literature by providing a safe, but realistic, environment for participants to learn. However, the impact of team members' personality traits on how the team performs during an obstetrical emergency has not been studied in medicine. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate teamwork and communication of simulation participants in association with personality traits within a multidisciplinary obstetrical simulation program. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective observational study of postpartum hemorrhage simulations involving participants from Obstetrics, Nursing, Midwifery, and Anesthesia. Before simulation, individual personality testing was performed on participants using the Big Five Inventory. Each team was scored using the Clinical Teamwork Scale after simulation. Communication and teamwork scores were evaluated for association, and personality traits were analyzed for association with teamwork and communication. For each personality trait, an interaction model was tested for 3 of the team scores: teamwork, communication, and situational awareness. Analysis of variance with 2 level interactions was used in this effort. RESULTS: From July 2018 to June 2019, 22 obstetrical simulations were performed with a total of 270 staff. Overall, teamwork was significantly associated with communication for each team. When examining individual personality scores, neuroticism was negatively associated with teamwork when coupled with communication. That is, increased neuroticism was significantly associated with increased communication that was detrimental to the overall teamwork. Other personality traits were not significantly associated with teamwork and communication (P=.03). CONCLUSION: In a multidisciplinary simulation, communication was positively associated with teamwork, and specific personality traits negatively affected team performance.

The impact of baseline proteinuria in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes in pregnancy has increased dramatically with the rising rates of obesity. Because there are a number of recognized adverse maternal and fetal outcomes associated with diabetes, there have been several attempts to classify this disorder for perinatal risk stratification. One of the first classification systems for pregnancy was developed by White nearly 70 years ago. More recently, efforts to stratify diabetic disease severity according to vasculopathy have been adopted. Regardless of classification system, vasculopathy-associated effects have been associated with worsening pregnancy outcomes. Defining vasculopathy within an organ system, however, has not been consistent. For example, definitions of diabetic kidney disease differ from the previously used threshold of ≥500 mg/d by White for pregnancy to varying thresholds of albuminuria by the American Diabetes Association. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a proteinuria threshold that was a relevant determinant of perinatal risk in a cohort of women with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of women with pregestational diabetes delivered of nonanomalous, singleton, liveborn infants. All women were assessed for baseline maternal disease burden with a 24-hour proteinuria quantification performed before 20 weeks' gestation. Women with <500 mg/d on 24-hour urine collections were included. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed according to the following protein excretion values: 50-100, 101-200, 201-300, and 301-499 mg/d. Based on trends noted in these results and using the prior definition of the American Diabetes Association of 300 mg/d of albumin for diabetic kidney disease, women were then analyzed according to 24-hour urine collections of ≤300 or >300 mg/d. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2016, a total of 594 women with pregestational diabetes were found to meet study criteria. When analyzed according to protein excretion values 50-100, 101-200, 201-300, and 301-499 mg/d, there were no differences in maternal demographics. The rate of preeclampsia with severe features (P for trend = .02), preterm birth at <37 weeks (P for trend <.001), and birthweight <10th percentile (P for trend = .02) were significantly associated with increasing proteinuria excretion, with the highest rates in the >300 mg/d group. Perinatal outcomes were then examined in the context of 24-hour urine protein excretion values of ≤300 or >300 mg/d, with no differences in maternal demographics. Protein excretion values >300 mg/d were significantly associated with preterm birth <37 weeks (P = .003), preeclampsia with severe features (P = .002), and birthweight <10th percentile (P = .048). CONCLUSION: White's classification in 1949 was developed to stratify perinatal risks based on maternal disease burden, and it was found that urinary protein excretion of >500 mg/d was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a contemporary cohort of pregnant women, proteinuria >300 mg/d was associated with preterm birth, preeclampsia with severe features, and birthweight <10th percentile.

Syphilis Immunoassay Signal Strength Correlates with Active Infection in Pregnant Women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association of ARCHITECT chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) signal strength (signal-to-cutoff [S/CO] ratio), with maternal syphilis stage, rapid plasma reagin (RPR) reactivity, and congenital syphilis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study of reverse syphilis screening was conducted. Pregnant women were screened with CIA. Reactive CIA was reflexed to RPR; particle agglutination test (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination [TPPA]) was performed for CIA+/RPR- results. Clinical staging with history and physical was performed, and disease stage was determined. Prior treatment was confirmed. We compared S/CO ratio and neonatal outcomes among the following groups: Group 1: CIA+/RPR+/TPPA+ or CIA+/RPR-/TPPA+ with active syphilis; Group 2: CIA+/RPR-/TPPA+ or CIA+/serofast RPR/TPPA+, previously treated; Group 3: CIA+/RPR-/TPPA+, no history of treatment or active disease; Group 4: CIA+/RPR-/TPPA-, false-positive CIA. RESULTS: A total of 144 women delivered with reactive CIA: 38 (26%) in Group 1, 69 (48%) in Group 2, 20 (14%) in Group 3, and 17 (12%) in Group 4. Mean (±standard deviation) S/CO ratio was 18.3 ± 5.4, 12.1 ± 5.3, 9.1 ± 4.6, and 1.9 ± 0.8, respectively (p < 0.001). Neonates with overt congenital syphilis occurred exclusively in Group 1. CONCLUSION: Women with active syphilis based on treatment history, clinical staging, and laboratory indices have higher CIA S/CO ratio and are more likely to deliver neonates with overt evidence of congenital syphilis.